The raw food diet has been around since the 1800s but has recently surged in popularity.
Its supporters believe that mainly consuming raw foods is ideal for human health and offers many benefits, including weight loss and better overall health.
However, health experts warn that eating a primarily raw diet may lead to adverse health consequences.
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What is the raw food diet?
The raw food diet, often called raw foodism or raw veganism, consists mostly or entirely of raw and unprocessed foods.
A food is considered raw if it has never been heated above 104–118°F (40–48°C). It should also not be refined, pasteurized, treated with pesticides, or otherwise processed in any way.
Instead, the diet allows several alternative preparation methods, such as juicing, blending, dehydrating, soaking, and sprouting.
Like veganism, the raw food diet is usually plant-based, mainly consisting of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds.
While most raw food diets are entirely plant-based, some people also consume raw eggs and dairy. Less commonly, raw fish and meat may be included as well.
Additionally, taking supplements is typically discouraged on the raw food diet. Proponents often claim that the diet provides all the necessary nutrients.
Supporters also believe that cooking foods is harmful to human health because it destroys the natural enzymes in foods, reduces their nutrient content, and diminishes the “life force” they believe exists in all raw or “living” foods.
People follow the raw food diet for the benefits they believe it has, including weight loss, improved vitality, increased energy, improvement in chronic diseases, better overall health, and a reduced environmental impact.
Summary: The raw food diet is made up mostly of foods that have not been processed or heated above a specific temperature.
How to follow the raw food diet
To follow the raw food diet, make sure at least 75% of the food you eat is raw.
Most raw food diets consist primarily of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. Grains and legumes are also permitted but must be soaked or sprouted before consumption.
Foods to eat
- All fresh fruits
- All raw vegetables
- Raw nuts and seeds
- Raw grains and legumes, sprouted or soaked
- Dried fruits and meats
- Nut milk
- Raw nut butter
- Cold-pressed olive and coconut oils
- Fermented foods like kimchi and sauerkraut
- Seaweed
- Sprouts
- Raw eggs or dairy, if desired
- Raw meat or fish, if desired
Foods to avoid
- Cooked fruits, vegetables, meats, and grains
- Baked items
- Roasted nuts and seeds
- Refined oils
- Table salt
- Refined sugars and flour
- Pasteurized juices and dairy
- Coffee and tea
- Alcohol
- Pasta
- Pastries
- Chips
- Other processed foods and snacks
Summary: The raw food diet comprises foods that have never been cooked. Processed and refined foods are discouraged.
Is raw food healthier than cooked food?
Raw food diet supporters believe that eating mostly or all raw food is ideal for human health.
However, like many of the core beliefs behind the raw food diet, this idea is not fully supported by science.
Research shows that both cooked and raw foods have health benefits.
One of the main reasons the raw food diet discourages cooking is the belief that cooking destroys the natural enzymes in foods. The diet’s advocates believe these enzymes are vital to human health and digestion.
High heat does cause most enzymes to denature — that is, to unravel or change shape. However, many enzymes denature in the acidic environment of the stomach anyway.
The body already produces its own enzymes to facilitate chemical processes, including digestion and energy production.
Suggested read: Raw food vs. cooked food: Which is healthier?
Another core belief behind the raw food diet is that cooking destroys the nutrient content of foods.
Cooking can decrease certain nutrients in food, especially water-soluble ones like vitamins C and B.
However, cooking increases the availability of other nutrients and antioxidants, such as lycopene and beta-carotene.
Cooking also helps inactivate or destroy some harmful compounds in food. For example, cooking grains and legumes reduces lectins and phytic acid. In large quantities, these compounds can block your body from absorbing minerals.
Additionally, cooking kills harmful bacteria.
For these reasons, eating a variety of raw and cooked foods is essential.
Summary: Raw food is not necessarily healthier than cooked food. Cooking decreases some nutrients yet increases others. It also destroys harmful compounds and kills bacteria.
Nutrition review: Pros and cons
A raw food diet has some positive points. Mainly, it is very high in fresh fruits and vegetables. It also includes other foods that are high in nutrients and fiber.
To its credit, a raw food diet limits intake of foods that contribute to poor health if eaten in excess, such as processed junk foods and added sugars.
Additionally, a raw food diet usually results in weight loss because it is low in calories. Yet despite this, there are also many cons to a raw food diet.
When someone switches from a mostly cooked diet to a primarily raw diet, their calorie intake is likely to decrease dramatically. Some people may not find it possible to eat enough raw food to meet their daily calorie needs.
This is partly because fruits and vegetables, though healthy, simply don’t provide enough calories or protein to make up the majority of the diet.
Additionally, cooking increases the digestibility of foods, making it easier for your body to extract calories and nutrients. In some cases, your body absorbs significantly fewer calories from food if it’s raw.
Suggested read: Dr. Sebi Diet Review: Weight Loss, Benefits, and Downsides
Cooking also increases the amount of certain nutrients and antioxidants your body absorbs.
Finally, raw diets tend to be nutritionally unbalanced because they must be mostly made up of either fats or fruits to meet calorie needs.
This means raw diets may be deficient not only in calories but also in some vitamins, minerals, and protein.
Summary: Raw food diets are made up of healthy foods and often cause weight loss, but they are often too low in calories and essential nutrients.
Health benefits review: Pros and cons
Like many of the beliefs behind the raw food diet, the evidence does not support many of the supposed health benefits.
Some studies have found the raw food diet to have positive health effects, but much research has also found adverse effects.
One study of people following a raw food diet found it lowered blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, it also lowered “healthy” HDL cholesterol levels and led to a vitamin B12 deficiency for many.
Another study found that people following a raw diet over long periods had an increased risk of tooth erosion.
Nevertheless, studies have consistently found that the raw food diet is associated with reduced body fat.
One study of participants following a long-term raw diet found that it was associated with significant body fat losses.
Men lost an average of 21.8 pounds (9.9 kg) after switching to a raw diet, and women lost an average of 26.4 pounds (12 kg). However, 15% of men and 25% of women in the study were also underweight.
Additionally, 70% of women on the diet experienced irregularities in their menstrual cycle. And nearly one-third of women developed amenorrhea, meaning they stopped menstruating, which can be a consequence of low body weight.
Another small study found that people following a raw vegan diet had significantly lower calorie intake and body fat than those who weren’t following the diet. Nonetheless, they also had low protein, calcium, and vitamin D intakes.
The same study found that participants following a raw vegan diet had low bone mass, potentially due to low calorie and protein intake.
Overall, following a raw food diet may lead to weight loss or improve health markers, such as blood lipids. But despite this, the significant risk of adverse health effects outweighs the potential benefits of this diet.
Summary: Evidence shows that raw food diets are associated with body fat loss but also with severe adverse health consequences; the negatives outweigh the positives.
Sample menu for the raw food diet
A raw food diet can vary based on the foods allowed and the dieter’s preferences.
Suggested read: Grain-Free Diet: Benefits, Food Lists, and Meal Plan
If you decide to try a raw food diet, here is an example of what one week on a 100% raw food vegan diet might look like.
Day one
- Breakfast: Green smoothie
- Snack: Carrots and raw hummus
- Lunch: Raw squash noodle pasta with pesto
- Snack: Strawberries and almonds
- Dinner: Raw vegetable pizza
Day two
- Breakfast: Chia seed pudding with fruit
- Lunch: Apple and walnut salad
- Snack: Freshly squeezed juice and nuts
- Dinner: Raw zucchini noodle pasta with tomato sauce and basil
Day three
- Breakfast: Overnight oatmeal with chopped fruit and nuts
- Snack: Broccoli and raw hummus
- Snack: Raw sweet potato chips and fruit
- Dinner: Stuffed portobello mushrooms
Day four
- Breakfast: Fruit bowl
- Lunch: Salad with figs and nuts
- Snack: Banana and raw nut butter
- Dinner: Raw lasagna
Day five
- Breakfast: Green smoothie
- Lunch: Sprouted quinoa Buddha bowl
- Snack: Apple and berries
- Dinner: Raw tomato soup with marinated veggies
Day six
- Breakfast: Soaked oats with berries
- Lunch: Salad with avocado and fruit
- Snack: Sliced bell pepper and sunflower seeds
- Dinner: Raw veggie sushi and chopped veggies
Day seven
- Breakfast: Raw banana pancakes and fruit
- Lunch: Raw squash soup
- Snack: Orange slices and nuts
- Dinner: Kale and mushroom salad
Is the raw food diet safe and sustainable?
The raw food diet will likely not pose significant health concerns in the short term.
However, you may develop problems if you follow the diet long-term.
A primarily raw diet makes it difficult to get enough calories, protein, and certain vitamins and minerals.
Some people may not be able to get enough calories from this diet. Evidence also shows that the larger the proportion of raw food in your diet, the higher the risk of adverse effects.
Unless you take supplements, you may develop nutrient inadequacies over time as your body’s vitamin and mineral stores are depleted. Vitamin B12 and vitamin D are particularly hard to get in raw vegan diets.
However, even nutrition supplements cannot compensate for the diet’s lack of calories and protein.
Additionally, the risk of exposure to foodborne illness increases when you consume raw foods.
This is especially true if raw dairy, eggs, or meat are part of your diet. Nutrition experts always recommend that people only eat these when they’re fully cooked or pasteurized.
Lastly, a raw food diet can be challenging to maintain for several reasons.
For starters, food choices are very limited, and avoiding cooked foods makes it difficult to eat out or eat with friends.
Avoiding cooked foods also limits food preparation methods, so a raw food diet can get boring. Many people also find eating only cold foods undesirable.
Lastly, it can be expensive to buy so much fresh, organic produce, not to mention time-consuming to plan and prepare.
Summary: The raw food diet is probably not harmful in the short term, but you may experience adverse effects if you follow it long term.
Summary
Fresh, raw foods are a valuable part of a healthy diet. However, it is possible to have too much of a good thing.
Cooking is essential to make certain foods and nutrients more digestible.
An entirely or mostly raw diet is likely to cause weight loss, but also makes it challenging to meet your nutritional needs.
In the end, eating a combination of cooked and raw foods is ideal for your health.
